Men and Postnatal Depression: Recognising the Signs and Finding the Right Support.

When we talk about postnatal depression (PND), most people tend to think of mothers. However, an increasing body of research reveals that men can — and do —experience postnatal depression, sometimes referred to as paternal postnatal depression (PPND). Though less discussed, it’s far from rare. Estimates suggest that as many as 1 in 10 men may experience symptoms of depression after the birth of their child, with some studies indicating rates as high as 1 in 4 when partners are also affected by PND.

Postnatal depression in men is an important issue that deserves more attention. In my work as a therapist (and life as a Dad to a toddler), I’ve seen (and felt) the emotional toll it being a new parent can take on men, often compounded by the urge to silence surrounding their experience. My approach to helping men through postnatal depression involves understanding their unique emotional landscape, acknowledging the biological and psychological factors at play, and providing tailored therapeutic support that helps them reconnect with themselves and their families.

 

Why Does Postnatal Depression Happen in Men?

Many factors can contribute to the development of postnatal depression in men. While societal expectations often focus on the physical and hormonal changes women experience after childbirth, research suggests that men also undergo biological changes during the transition to fatherhood. A 2014 study published in Hormones and Behavior found that testosterone levels in men decrease after their child is born, while oxytocin and cortisol—the hormones associated with bonding and stress—fluctuate. These hormonal shifts can make men more vulnerable to emotional struggles during this period.

Beyond biology, postnatal depression in men can be triggered by a complex interaction of psychological, social, and environmental factors:

• Sleep deprivation: Caring for a newborn often means disrupted sleep for both parents. Chronic sleep deprivation can exacerbate stress, reduce coping capacity, and contribute to depressive symptoms.
• Role confusion: Men may experience a loss of identity during this time. The traditional role of “provider” is often no longer enough as many fathers are expected to take on more active caregiving responsibilities. This can cause feelings of inadequacy or helplessness, especially if they feel unprepared or unsupported.
• Relationship strain: The transition to parenthood can place significant strain on romantic relationships, with partners often feeling disconnected from each other as they adjust to their new roles. A lack of intimacy or increased conflict can contribute to feelings of isolation, which is a known risk factor for depression.
• Previous mental health issues: Men with a history of anxiety or depression are at a greater risk of developing PPND. The overwhelming responsibility of caring for a newborn can trigger these conditions in men who have struggled with mental health in the past.

Given these factors, it’s clear that postnatal depression in men is not just about mental health in isolation but is deeply tied to hormonal, relational, and situational pressures.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Mothers with PND are more likely to be receiving medical follow up and focused support and screening, which includes their mental health after the birth of a child, unlike men who have a higher tendency to “slip through the cracks”. This is made worse by societal norms around masculinity, which can make it difficult for men to acknowledge their feelings, much less seek help. This is part of why men’s postnatal depression is frequently underdiagnosed or dismissed as general stress or fatigue.

Symptoms of postnatal depression in men often look different from those in women and can include:

• Irritability or anger: Men may exhibit frustration, short tempers, or increased conflict with their partner.
• Withdrawal: Some men distance themselves emotionally, withdrawing from their partners, children, or social networks.
• Substance use: Some may turn to alcohol or other substances as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions.
• Physical symptoms: Men with PPND often report feeling exhausted, having headaches or digestive issues, or experiencing changes in appetite or weight.
• Feelings of inadequacy: Men may feel like they aren’t doing enough, contributing to a sense of worthlessness or guilt, they may feel bad for struggling when the mother has given labour & is breastfeeding. These feelings, if not addressed, may spiral into depression.

If left untreated, postnatal depression in men can have long-term consequences not just for the father, but also for the partner and child. Research in Development and Psychopathology (2010) shows that children of fathers with untreated PPND are at higher risk of experiencing emotional and behavioural issues.

Approaches to Treatment: Tailored Support for Men experiencing Post Natal Depression

Supporting men through postnatal depression requires an approach that meets them where they are—both emotionally and practically. In my practice, I start by creating a safe space where men feel comfortable talking about their experiences, free from judgment or expectation. By helping men express their emotions and validate their struggles, I aim to break down the barriers of silence that often surround men’s mental health.

Some of the therapeutic approaches I integrate include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This is an evidence-based approach that can help men identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts contributing to their depression. For example, men may hold onto unrealistic expectations about their role as fathers, and CBT can help them reframe these beliefs into more manageable, compassionate self-assessments.
• Mindfulness-based therapy: Mindfulness practices encourage men to stay present, reducing anxiety and allowing them to engage more fully with their partner and child. This can be especially useful for men feeling overwhelmed by their new responsibilities.
• Support groups: Peer support can be incredibly powerful. Men often find it validating to hear that they’re not alone in their struggles. Whether through online or in-person groups, talking with other fathers who have experienced PPND can provide much-needed relief from isolation.
• Relationship counselling: Postnatal depression can strain even the strongest of relationships. Couples counselling provides a space to work through conflicts, improve communication, and rebuild emotional intimacy — an essential step in recovering from PPND for many men. The reality is, your relationship will change post-partum (unless you have a lot of help), it’s how you manage this that counts.

Breaking the Silence Around Men and Postnatal Depression

While there is growing awareness of postnatal depression in men, it’s still a condition many people don’t fully understand. Too often, men are told to “man up” or are expected to simply provide support for their partner, without any consideration for their own emotional wellbeing. But fathers need care too. Encouraging men to seek help, and normalizing the conversation around PPND, is a vital part of reducing stigma and fostering emotional health for the entire family.

The good news is that help is available. Studies, like those in Journal of Affective Disorders (2020), show that with early intervention and the right support, most men make a full recovery from postnatal depression. The key is recognizing the signs and seeking treatment before the condition becomes debilitating.

My Approach to Helping Fathers Heal

In my Sydney-based practice, I work with men experiencing postnatal depression to help them reconnect with themselves, their partners, and their families. I offer individual therapy, couples counselling, and group support, all aimed at helping fathers navigate the complex emotions and steepest of learning curves that is, early parenthood. My goal is to provide a compassionate space where men can feel understood and supported as they work through their feelings and adjust to their new role.

If you or someone you know may be experiencing postnatal depression, please don’t hesitate to reach out. It’s never too early—or too late—to get the support you deserve.